Things to Do in Khiva
Things to Do in Khiva
Along with Samarkand and Bukhara, Khiva is an important and often-overlooked historical site on what was once the Great Silk Road. Famous for its long and brutal history as a slave trading post sandwiched in between the vast Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts, Khiva is now a quiet, sleepy oasis that awaits busloads of tourists instead of caravans of captives.
It's difficult to imagine what exactly ancient Khiva was like, considering the historical areas were restored to a scrubbed and squeaky-clean look in the 1970s. However, the clustered array of mosques, madrassahs and tiled minarets within an area of less than 3 km give you a sense of how crowded and bustling this town must have been throughout its history.
Khiva is divided into two distinct sections; one being the older, museum-like Ichon-Qala or Itchan Kala (literally: within the wall) where striking examples of Islamic architecture were built over the span of 600 years; and the modern Dichon-Qala (literally: outside the wall) where both the majority of the population live and where all of the modern buildings exist, but glimpses of Khiva's greatness as a center of Islamic power still linger.
1. Itchan-Kala
The walled inner town of Khiva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is filled with mosques, madrasahs, minarets, and ancient brick fortifications. It offers a truly immersive journey through Central Asian history. Its maze-like streets transport visitors into the life of a Silk Road city. Exploring Itchan-Kala feels like walking through a living museum of Islamic architecture.
2. Muhammad Rahim-khan Madrasah
This grand 19th-century educational institution was named after the renowned poet and khan of Khiva. With over 70 study rooms and remarkable tile work, it stands as a testament to Khiva's cultural renaissance. The madrasah played a key role in the spread of Islamic learning. Its impressive facade draws admiration from all who visit.
3. Kalta-Minor Minaret
Known for its unfinished yet strikingly wide structure, this turquoise-tiled minaret was intended to be the tallest in Central Asia. Though it only reached 29 meters, its vibrant colors and bold presence make it a landmark of Khiva. The minaret was built by Mohammed Amin Khan in the mid-19th century. Today, it's one of the city's most photographed monuments.
4. Djuma Mosque
One of the most unique mosques in Central Asia, the Djuma Mosque is supported by 218 wooden columns—some dating back over 1,000 years. This hypostyle mosque creates a spiritual forest of pillars. Its calm, shadowy interior is perfect for quiet contemplation. The craftsmanship on each column reflects generations of artisanship.
5. Kunya-Ark Citadel
The royal residence of Khivan Khans, this citadel dates back to the 12th century and was expanded in the 17th century. It houses a throne room, harem, mosque, and other essential court structures. Visitors can explore the Khan's reception hall and a colorful summer mosque. The Kunya-Ark offers sweeping views of the old town from its walls.
6. Tash-Khovli Palace
This 19th-century palace complex was built for Khiva’s rulers and their families. Its labyrinthine layout of courtyards, guest areas, and a harem shows the intricacy of royal life. The richly decorated interiors are adorned with traditional tiles and woodwork. The palace's architecture demonstrates the sophistication of Khivan artisans.
7. Islam Khoja Complex
Built in the early 20th century, this complex includes Khiva’s tallest minaret and a madrasa. The blend of traditional and modern architectural elements makes it a symbol of Khiva’s evolution. Its slender silhouette dominates the skyline and offers panoramic views. The interior houses beautiful tile mosaics and carved stucco decorations.
8. Mausoleum of Pahlavon Mahmud
Dedicated to Khiva’s patron saint, this mausoleum is both a spiritual and architectural gem. Its turquoise dome, exquisite tilework, and peaceful courtyard make it a serene place to visit. Pahlavon Mahmud was a poet, philosopher, and legendary wrestler. His tomb became a royal burial site for Khivan khans.
9. Allakuli Khan Madrasah
Situated near the eastern gates of Itchan-Kala, this 1830s madrasah was part of a grand complex including a bazaar and caravanserai. It housed a public library and accommodated students from all over the region. Its high portal and tiled decorations are remarkable. The structure reflects Allakuli Khan’s vision for Khiva as a commercial and cultural hub.