Djuma Mosque in Khiva
Djuma Mosque
The Juma Mosque, also known as the Friday Mosque, is a historic and architecturally unique structure located in the heart of Itchan Kala, the walled inner city of Khiva, Uzbekistan. This mosque stands out for its distinctive design and historical significance.
Historical Background
The origins of the Juma Mosque date back to at least the 10th century, as documented by the Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi. However, the current structure was largely rebuilt in 1788–1789 under the direction of Abdurahman Mehtar, a high-ranking official of the Khivan Khanate. This reconstruction was financed through revenues from the regions of Koshkupyr and Bekabad.
Architectural Features
The Juma Mosque is renowned for its hypostyle hall, a vast prayer space characterized by a flat roof supported by numerous wooden columns. Key architectural details include:
- Dimensions: The mosque spans approximately 55 by 46 meters, creating a spacious interior for worshippers.
- Columns: The roof is upheld by 213 intricately carved wooden columns, arranged in a grid pattern with intervals of about 3.15 meters. These columns vary in age, with some dating back to the 10th–12th centuries, while others were added during subsequent renovations.
- Lighting: Natural light filters into the mosque through three openings in the ceiling, creating a serene and contemplative atmosphere within the dimly lit interior.
- Minaret: Adjacent to the mosque stands a 42-meter-high minaret, serving as a prominent feature of the Khiva skyline.
Cultural Significance
The Juma Mosque holds a central place in Khiva's religious and social history. Its unique design, lacking the typical portals, domes, and courtyards found in many Islamic places of worship, sets it apart as an architectural rarity in Central Asia. The forest of wooden columns, each with distinct carvings and inscriptions, reflects the rich artistic heritage of the region. Today, the mosque continues to be a site of interest for visitors seeking to experience the spiritual and historical essence of Khiva.
The Juma Mosque's enduring presence and architectural uniqueness contribute significantly to the cultural landscape of Khiva, offering insights into the city's past and its role in the broader context of Islamic architecture.
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