Nodir Devonbegi Madrasah in Bukhara
Nodir Devonbegi Madrasah
Madrasah Nodir Devonbegi is a historical structure in Bukhara, forming part of the architectural ensemble from the 16th-17th centuries around Lyabi-Hauz Square. The madrasah was built in 1622-1623 by Nodir Devonbegi, a vizier of Imamkuli-khan, originally intended as a caravanserai but later converted into a madrasah.
Historical Background
In 1993, the madrasah, together with other monuments of Bukhara's historic center, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Nodir Devonbegi Madrasah is located on the eastern side of Lyabi Khauz Square, opposite the Nodir Devonbegi Khanaka, forming a "kosh" (paired ensemble) with it. The house of Devonbegi lies on the central axis of this architectural arrangement.
Architectural Features
The conversion from caravanserai to madrasah is evident in the layout: the building lacks a lecture hall typical for madrasahs and consists only of hujras (student rooms) surrounding the courtyard. In Central Asian architecture, it was common to place a lattice window on the portal axis instead of the main entrance, and the portal would then lead to different wings of the structure. However, the Nodir Devonbegi Madrasah features a narrow entrance leading directly into the courtyard.
The portal of the madrasah is adorned with mosaic images depicting fallow deer and two Simurg birds facing the sun. Remnants of these mosaics can also be seen on the side facades of the building.
Legends and Cultural Significance
According to legend, Nodir Devonbegi originally intended to open a caravanserai to earn income, since Lyabi Khauz Square was a bustling commercial area at that time, guaranteeing a steady flow of guests. However, at the time of its opening, Khan Imamkuli declared the building to be a madrasah, a spiritual institution, for his own reasons.
As a result, Nodir Devonbegi abandoned his plans for commercial gain and donated the building for religious use, particularly since it stood opposite the khanaka he had also built. Despite the initial setback, this act earned Nodir Devonbegi lasting respect as a great philanthropist and defender of Islam.